Computing Complexity Measures of Degenerate Graphs

Abstract

We show that the VC-dimension of a graph can be computed in time n^{|log d+1|} d^O(d), where d is the degeneracy of the input graph. The core idea of our algorithm is a data structure to efficiently query the number of vertices that see a specific subset of vertices inside of a (small) query set. The construction of this data structure takes time O(d2^dn), afterwards queries can be computed efficiently using fast Möbius inversion.

This data structure turns out to be useful for a range of tasks, especially for finding bipartite patterns in degenerate graphs, and we outline an efficient algorithm for counting the number of times specific patterns occur in a graph. The largest factor in the running time of this algorithm is O(n^c), where c is a parameter of the pattern we call its left covering number.

Concrete applications of this algorithm include counting the number of (non-induced) bicliques in linear time, the number of co-matchings in quadratic time, as well as a constant-factor approximation of the ladder index in linear time.

Finally, we supplement our theoretical results with several implementations and run experiments on more than 200 real-world datasets—the largest of which has 8 million edges—where we obtain interesting insights into the VC-dimension of real-world networks.